ConfigHowto

/sbin/kbdrate -s -r 16 -d 500 
 # or whatever you like --或其他設定的數值

for tty in /dev/tty[1-9]*; do
setleds -D +num  $tty
done

#
#
（譯註：作者似乎忘了填入指令）

 alias net-pf-4 off
 alias net-pf-5 off

127.0.0.1   localhost

127.0.0.1   localhost   your_host_name

127.0.0.1    localhost
w.x.y.z      your_host_name

/sbin/hdparm -c1 /dev/hda 
#  -- 假定為第一個 IDE 硬盤

/sbin/hdparm -c1 -A1 -m16 -d1 /dev/hda

# Enable the Zip drive  -- 設定 Zip 磁碟機
/sbin/modprobe ppa

drive z: file="/dev/sda4" exclusive

/dev# ln -s ttyS0 mouse; ln -s ttyS1 modem; ln -s hdb cdrom; ln -s sda4 zip

options sb io=0x220 irq=5 dma=1 dma16=5 mpu_io=0x330
alias sound sb

# put a real escape character instead of ^[. To do this:
# emacs: ^Q ESC   vi: ^V ESC   joe:  ` 0 2 7   jed: ` ESC
ESC="^["  # a real escape character
BLUE="$ESC[44;37m"
NORMAL="$ESC[40;37m"
CLEAR="$ESC[H$ESC[J"
> /etc/issue
echo "$CLEAR" >> /etc/issue
echo "$BLUE   Welcome to MyServer (192.168.1.1) " >> /etc/issue
echo "$NORMAL " >> /etc/issue
echo "" >> /etc/issue

 127.0.0.1       localhost  new_host_name.locadomain

MOUSETYPE="Microsoft"
XEMU3=yes

...
daemon gpm -t $MOUSETYPE -d 2 -a 5 -B 132
# two-button mouse -- 雙按鈕滑鼠
...

/usr/bin/gpm

/mnt# mkdir floppy; mkdir cdrom; mkdir win; mkdir zip; mkdir server

/dev/fd0        /mnt/floppy     auto            user,noauto 0 1
/dev/cdrom      /mnt/cdrom      iso9660         ro,user,noauto 0 1
/dev/zip        /mnt/zip        vfat            user,noauto,exec 0 1
/dev/hda1       /mnt/win        vfat            user,noauto 0 1
server:/export  /mnt/server     nfs             defaults

將 /dev/hda 作為默認設備！
Command (m for help):a
Partition number (1-4): 2
Command (m for help):w

boot = /dev/hda2
compact      # may conflict with "linear"  --可能與“linear”衝突
delay = 100  # 10 seconds  --等待10秒
linear       # gets rid of the "1024 cylinder" problem --解決1024磁圈的問題
# message = /boot/bootmesg.txt 
# write your own, if you will --自訂開機信息
root = current
# boot  Linux  by default as this entry comes first --默認的內核
image = /boot/vmlinuz  
label =  Linux 
read-only
# append="mem=128M"  
# to see more memory than 64M  --如果記憶內存大於64M
other = /dev/hda1
table = /dev/hda
label = dos

rem    Linux .bat
smartdrv /C
loadlin c:\temp\vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro

rescue:

rescue:

application/postscript          ps eps
image/jpeg                      jpe jpeg jpg
text/html                       html

text/plain; less %s; needsterminal
text/html; lynx -force_html %s; needsterminal

 ~# echo "hello, world" > /dev/lp0
 ~# echo "hello, world" > /dev/lp1

 /var/spool/lpd/# mkdir raw; mkdir postscript

 ~# echo "first line" > /dev/lp1 ; echo "second line" > /dev/lp1

 first line
 second line

 #!/bin/sh
 # 這個過濾器可消除“台階”現象
 awk '{print $0, "\r"}'

 #!/bin/sh
 DEVICE=djet500
 RESOLUTION=300x300
 PAPERSIZE=a4
 SENDEOF=
 nenscript -TUS -ZB -p- |
 if [ "$DEVICE" = "PostScript" ]; then
 cat -
 else
 gs -q -sDEVICE=$DEVICE \
 -r$RESOLUTION \
 -sPAPERSIZE=$PAPERSIZE \
 -dNOPAUSE \
 -dSAFER \
 -sOutputFile=- -
 fi
 if [ "$SENDEOF" != "" ]; then
 printf "\004"
 fi

 # /etc/printcap
 lp|ps|PS|PostScript|djps:\
 :sd=/var/spool/lpd/postscript:\
 :mx#0:\
 :lp=/dev/lp1:\
 :if=/var/spool/lpd/postscript/filter:\
 :sh:
 raw:\
 :sd=/var/spool/lpd/raw:\
 :mx#0:\
 :lp=/dev/lp1:\
 :if=/var/spool/lpd/raw/filter:\
 :sh:

Option "LoadFont"
FontProg "/usr/bin/setfont"
FontPath "/usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts"
FontSelect "lat1u-16.psf"   8x16 9x16 8x15 9x15
FontSelect "lat1u-14.psf"   8x14 9x14 8x13 9x13
FontSelect "lat1u-12.psf"   8x12 9x12 8x11 9x11
FontSelect "lat1u-08.psf"   8x8  9x8  8x7  9x7

# SVGATextMode
/usr/sbin/SVGATextMode "80x34x9"

#!/bin/sh
# net-up.sh: set up network access --設定聯網
DEVICE=eth0      #-- 網卡
IPADDR=192.168.1.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.1.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
ifconfig $DEVICE $IPADDR netmask $NETMASK up
route add -net $NETWORK netmask $NETMASK $DEVICE
route add default gw $GATEWAY

/sbin/modprobe ip_masq_ftp

# default: packets cannot go reach the outside 
# 預設為數據包無法發送到網際網路
/sbin/ipfwadm -F -p deny
# allow all machines on the local network to reach the Internet
# 使本地網路上的所有機器均可連接網際網路
/sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.0/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0
# alternatively, allow only these two machines
# 或只讓下面兩台電腦連到網際網路
# /sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.100/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0
# /sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.101/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0

# only allow access to localhost
# 只允許連到localhost
ALL: 127.

# deny access to everyone
# 不讓任何人進入
ALL: ALL

in.telnetd: 192.168.1., .另一個.可信的.網路地址
in.ftpd: 192.168.1., .另一個.可信的.網路地址

in.telnetd: ALL
in.ftpd: ALL

# /etc/exports
/tmp            my.client.machine(rw)
/home/guido     my.client.machine(rw,map_static=/etc/nfs/client.map)

# /etc/nfs/client.map
# NFS mapping for client
#       remote          local
uid     512             500
gid     512             500

# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs
# --整個系統環境和啟動程式
#
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# --/etc/bashhrc中包含功能和別名
#
# This file sets up the following features and programs:
# --這個文檔設定下列功能：
#
#   o path --路徑
#   o prompts  --提示符
#   o a few environment variables  --几個環境變數
#   o colour ls --ls 的顏色
#   o less behaviour    --設定less的功能 
#   o rxvt
#
# Users can override these settings and/or add others in their
# $HOME/.bash_profile
# 用戶可在 $HOME/.bash_profile 中取消這些設定和（或）增加其他設定
# set a decent path
# 設定可行的路徑
PATH="$PATH:/usr/X11R6/bin:$HOME/bin:."
# notify the user: login or non-login shell. If login, the prompt is
# coloured in blue; otherwise in magenta. Root's prompt is red.
# See the Colour-ls mini  HOWTO  for an explanation of the escape codes.
# 通知用戶：登錄（login）或不登錄（non-login）的外圍程序（shell）。
# 如果登錄，則提示符為藍色，否則為紫紅色。Root的提示符為紅色。
# 參閱Colour-ls mini  HOWTO 中對換碼符(escape codes)的使用解釋。
USER=`whoami`
if [ $LOGNAME = $USER ] ; then
COLOUR=44  # blue --藍色
else
COLOUR=45  # magenta --紫紅色
fi
if [ $USER = 'root' ] ; then
COLOUR=41  # red --紅色
PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/bin"
fi
ESC="\033"
PROMPT='\h'    # hostname --主機名
STYLE=';1m'    # bold --粗體
# PROMPT='\u'  # username --用戶名
# STYLE='m'    # plain --一般字體
PS1="\[$ESC[$COLOUR;37$STYLE\]$PROMPT:\[$ESC[37;40$STYLE\]\w\\$ "
PS2="> "
# no core dumps, please
# 請勿轉儲內存信息
ulimit -c 0
# set umask
# 設定umask
if [ `id -gn` = `id -un` -a `id -u` -gt 14 ]; then
umask 002
else
umask 022
fi
# a few variables
# 几項變數
USER=`id -un`
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"  # sendmail, postfix, smail 
# MAIL="$HOME/Mailbox"        # qmail
NNTPSERVER=news.myisp.it      # put your own here 
VISUAL=jed
EDITOR=jed
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=1000
export PATH PS1 PS2 USER LOGNAME MAIL NNTPSERVER
export VISUAL EDITOR HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTFILESIZE
# enable colour ls
# 設定ls的顏色
eval `dircolors /etc/DIR_COLORS -b`
export LS_OPTIONS='-s -F -T 0 --color=yes'
# customize less
# 設定less
LESS='-M-Q'
LESSEDIT="%E ?lt+%lt. %f"
LESSOPEN="| lesspipe.sh %s"
LESSCHARDEF=8bcccbcc13b.4b95.33b. # show colours in ls -l | less
# LESSCHARSET=latin1
PAGER=less
export LESS LESSEDIT LESSOPEN VISUAL LESSCHARDEF
# fix the backspace key in rxvt/xterm
# 設定rxvt/xterm中的退後鍵
CTRL_H="\010"
NULL_STRING=" $CTRL_H" # space + backspace
if [ "$NULL_STRING" != "" ] ; then
stty erase ^?
else
stty erase ^H
fi
# set xterm title: full path
case $TERM in
xterm*)
PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME}: ${PWD}\007"'
;;
esac
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -x $i ]; then
. $i # beware - variables and aliases might get overridden!
fi
done
# call fortune, if available  --如有fortune
if [ -x /usr/games/fortune ] ; then
echo ; /usr/games/fortune ; echo
fi

# /etc/bashrc
# System wide functions and aliases
# 整個系統的功能和別名
#
# Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile
# /etc/profile中的環境參數
#
# Insert PS1 definitions here if you experience problems.
# 如有問題可將PS1的參數放在此處
export CDPATH="$CDPATH:
# common aliases --共同別名
alias cp='cp -i'
alias l=less
alias ls="ls $LS_OPTIONS"
alias mv='mv -i'
alias rm='rm -i'
alias rmbk='/bin/rm -f .*
alias u='cd ..'
alias which="type -path"
alias x=startx
# A few useful functions --几項有用的功能
c ()    # cd to the new directory and list its contents
{
cd $1 ; ls
}
inst()  # Install a .tar.gz archive in current directory --在當前目錄中建立.tar.gz儲存庫
{
if [ $# != 0 ]; then tar zxvf $1; fi
}
cz()    # List the contents of a .zip archive --列出.zip的內容
{
if [ $# != 0 ]; then unzip -l $*; fi
}
ctgz()  # List the contents of a .tar.gz archive --列出.tar.gz的內容
{
for file in $* ; do
tar ztf ${file}
done
}
tgz()   # Create a .tgz archive a la zip. --建立壓縮檔.tgz
{
if [ $# != 0 ]; then
name=$1.tar; shift; tar -rvf ${name} $* ; gzip -9 ${name}
fi
}
crpm()  # list information on an .rpm file --列出.rpm檔的內容
{
if [ $# != 0 ]; then rpm -qil $1 | less; fi
}

# $HOME/.bashrc
# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi
# this is needed to notify the user that they are in non-login shell
# 需要以下設定，以便通知處於不登錄（non-login）外圍程序（shell）中的用戶
if [ "$GET_PS1" = "" ] ; then
COLOUR=45; ESC="\033"; STYLE=';1m';  # STYLE='m'
USER=`whoami`
export PS1="\[$ESC[$COLOUR;37$STYLE\]$USER:\[$ESC[37;40$STYLE\]\w\\$ "
fi
# personal aliases
# 個人別名
alias backup='tar -Mcvf /dev/fd0'
alias dial='eznet up myisp'
alias f='cd 
alias hangup='eznet down'
alias lyx='lyx -width 580 -height 450'
alias restore='tar -M -xpvf /dev/fd0'
# personal functions
# 几個個人使用的功能
xj()    # Launch xjed and a file in background --在背景啟動xjed和文檔
{
xjed $1 
}

# $HOME/.bash_profile
# User specific environment and startup programs
# 用戶特定的環境參數和啟動程式
#
# This file contains user-defined settings that override
# those in /etc/profile
# 這個文檔中存有用戶自訂的設置，可取代/etc/profile 中的數值
#
# Get aliases and functions
# 設定別名和功能
#
if [ -f  then
GET_PS1="NO"  # don't change the prompt colour --不改變提示符的顏色
. 
fi
# set a few `default' directories
# 設定几個“默認”目錄
export CDPATH="$CDPATH:$HOME:$HOME/text:$HOME/text/geology"

# $HOME/.inputrc
# key bindings
# 主要綁定
"\e[1
"\e[3
"\e[4
# (F1 .. F5) are "\e[[A" ... "\e[[E"
# (F1 .. F5) 分別為 "\e[[A" ... "\e[[E"
"\e[[A": "info \C-m"
set bell-style visible          # please don't beep
# 喇叭不發聲
set meta-flag On                # allow 8-bit input (i.e, accented letters)
# 允許8-位元輸入（例如重音字符）譯註：用于歐洲
set convert-meta Off            # don't strip 8-bit characters
# 不取消8-位元字符
set output-meta On              # display 8-bit characters correctly
# 正確顯示8-位元字符
set horizontal-scroll-mode On   # scroll long command lines
# 長指令行自動翻轉
set show-all-if-ambiguous On    # after TAB is pressed
# 按TAB鍵

 usermodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
 xmodmap $usermodmap

 keycode 22 = BackSpace
 keycode 107 = Delete

 xterm*VT100.Translations: #override  Key>BackSpace: string(0x7F)\n\
  Key>Delete:        string(0x1b) string("[3
  Key>Home:          string(0x1b) string("[1
  Key>End:           string(0x1b) string("[4
 Ctrl Key>Prior:     string(0x1b) string("[40
 Ctrl Key>Next:      string(0x1b) string("[41
 nxterm*VT100.Translations: #override  Key>BackSpace: string(0x7F)\n\
  Key>Delete:        string(0x1b) string("[3
  Key>Home:          string(0x1b) string("[1
  Key>End:           string(0x1b) string("[4
 Ctrl Key>Prior:     string(0x1b) string("[40
 Ctrl Key>Next:      string(0x1b) string("[41

alias ls="color-ls $LS_OPTIONS"

 ^[[A   back-line
 ^[[B   forw-line
 ^[[C   right-scroll
 ^[[D   left-scroll
 ^[OA   back-line
 ^[OB   forw-line
 ^[OC   right-scroll
 ^[OD   left-scroll
 ^[[6
 ^[[5
 ^[[1
 ^[[4
 ^[[7
 ^[[8

 #!/bin/sh
 # This is a preprocessor for 'less'.  It is used when this environment
 # variable is set:   LESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s"
 # 此為‘less’的預處理器。當環境參數定為LESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s"
 # 時，便起用這個預處理器。
 lesspipe() {
 case "$1" in
 *.tar) tar tf $1 2>/dev/null ;; # View contents of .tar and .tgz files
 # 閱讀.tar和.tgz檔的內容
 *.tgz|*.tar.gz|*.tar.Z|*.tar.z) tar ztf $1 2>/dev/null ;;
 *.Z|*.z|*.gz) gzip -dc $1  2>/dev/null ;; # View compressed files
 correctly
 # 正確閱讀壓縮文檔
 *.zip) unzip -l $1 2>/dev/null ;; # View archives
 # 閱讀檔案文檔
 *.arj) unarj -l $1 2>/dev/null ;;
 *.rpm) rpm -qpil $1 2>/dev/null ;;
 *.cpio) cpio --list -F $1 2>/dev/null ;;
 *.1|*.2|*.3|*.4|*.5|*.6|*.7|*.8|*.9|*.n|*.l|*.man) FILE=`file -L $1`
 FILE=`echo $FILE | cut -d ' ' -f 2`
 if [ "$FILE" = "troff" ]; then
 groff -s -p -t -e -Tascii -mandoc $1
 fi ;;
 *) file $1 | grep text > /dev/null ;
 if [ $? = 1 ] ; then # it's not some kind of text
 strings $1
 fi ;;
 esac
 }
 lesspipe $1

(global-font-lock-mode t)
(setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t)

(standard-display-european 1)

(譯註：原文似乎有漏)

bol ^[ [ 1 
eol ^[ [ 4 

 () = evalfile(" Linux ");

 #ifdef XWINDOWS
 x_set_keysym (0xFFFF, 0, "\e[3
 setkey (``, "\e[3
 #endif

 unsetkey("\eOl");
 unsetkey("\eOP\eOl");
 setkey("edt_wdel", "\eOl");
 setkey("edt_uwdel", "\eOP\eOl");

 keycode 77  = KP_F1
 keycode 112 = KP_F2
 keycode 63  = KP_F3
 keycode 82  = KP_F4
 keycode 86  = KP_Separator

 xjed*Geometry: 80x32+150+50
 xjed*font: 10x20
 xjed*background: midnight blue
 # and so on...

 create_abbrev_table ("Global", "0-9A-Za-z");
 define_abbrev ("Global", "GG", "Guido Gonzato");
 create_abbrev_table ("TeX", "\\A-Za-z0-9");
 define_abbrev ("TeX", "\\beq", "\\begin{equation}");
 define_abbrev ("TeX", "\\eeq", "\\end{equation}");
 % and so on...

 define text_mode_hook ()
 {
 set_abbrev_mode (1);
 }
 %
 define fortran_hook ()
 {
 set_abbrev_mode (1);
 use_abbrev_table ("Fortran");
 }
 % and so on...

chmod g+w /var/spool/fax

 texconfig hyphen

 XDvi*mfmode:

 export TEXINPUTS="$HOME/figures::./figures"

nameserver w.x.y.z

#（譯註：原文有漏）

#（譯註：原文有漏）

 # $HOME/.fetchmailrc
 poll mbox.myisp.com with protocol pop3;
 user john there with password _Loo%ny is john here

! Definitions can be found in X11/keysymdef.h>
! 在X11/keysymdef.h>中可找到各項定義
keycode 77  = Num_Lock
keycode 112 = KP_Divide
keycode 63  = KP_Multiply
keycode 82  = KP_Subtract
keycode 86  = KP_Add
keycode 79  = KP_7
keycode 80  = KP_8
keycode 81  = KP_9
keycode 83  = KP_4
keycode 84  = KP_5
keycode 85  = KP_6
keycode 87  = KP_1
keycode 88  = KP_2
keycode 89  = KP_3
keycode 90  = KP_0
keycode 91  = KP_Decimal

ServerNumLock
Xleds
XkbDisable

x:5:respawn:/usr/bin/X11/xdm -nodaemon

id:5:initdefault:

:0 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X :0 -bpp 16 vt07  # first X server, 65k colours
:1 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X :1 -bpp 32 vt08  # second X server, true colour

#!/bin/sh
# $HOME/.xinitrc
usermodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
xmodmap $usermodmap
xset s noblank  # turn off the screen saver -- 關閉屏幕保護軟件
xset s 300 2    # screen saver start after 5 min -- 5分鐘之後啟動屏幕保護
xset m 10 5     # set mouse acceleration -- 設定鼠標的速度
rxvt -cr green -ls -bg black -fg white -fn 7x14 \
-geometry 80x30+57+0 
if [ "$1" = "" ] ; then  # default
WINMGR=wmaker
else
WINMGR=$1
fi
$WINMGR

$ startx startkde # or other w.m. -- 或其他視窗管理器

optflags: i386 -O2 -mpentium

ConfigHowto

Wiki Links

Latest Blogs

OSS News

1. 導言

1.1. 為什麼要編寫這份 HOWTO

1.2. 我們將作何種配置

2. 一般系統設定

2.1. 安全問題

2.2. 工作日誌

2.3. 鍵盤

2.4. 啟動和援救軟片

2.5. 內核

2.6. Sendmail停機

2.7. 硬盤性能

2.8. 并聯埠 Zip 磁碟機

2.9. 設備驅動程序

2.10. 聲卡

2.11. 登錄信息

2.12. 主機名稱

2.13. 滑鼠（Mouse）

2.14. 加載位置（Mount Points）

2.15. lilo(8) 和 LOADLIN.EXE

2.15.1. 安全考量

2.16. 電子郵件

2.17. 打印機的設置

2.18. SVGATextMode

3. 管理員的一般工作

3.1. 網路設置

3.2. 分享網際網路

3.3. 限制網路連接

3.4. NFS輸出

3.5. 域名服務器

4. 軟件設置

4.1. bash(1)

4.2. ls(1)

4.3. less(1)

4.4. emacs(1) 文本編輯器

4.5. joe(1) 文本編輯器

4.6. jed(1) 文本編輯器

4.7. pine(1) 郵件閱讀器

4.8. minicom(1)

4.9. efax(1) 軟件

4.10. Ghostscript

4.11. TeX 的使用

4.12. 避免PPP的問題

4.12.1. 使用eznet

4.12.2. 使用wvdial

4.13. POP用戶端程序

4.14. X 視窗系統 (XFree86)

4.14.1. 設定X伺服器

4.14.2. 數字小鍵盤

4.14.3. 用xdm圖像登錄

4.14.4. 視窗管理器

4.14.5. X11 應用軟件的默認值

4.15. 使用者的設置文檔

4.16. 製作 .rpm

4.17. Upgrading

5. 設置軟件

6. 結束

6.1. 版權說明（譯者：保留原文）

6.2. 反饋意見

6.3. 免責聲明Disclaimer